Air pollution from vehicles
Vehicle exhaust is a major source of urban air pollution in Nepal, and the damage is concentrated where people are: junctions, bus parks and narrow streets.
Exhaust carries carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, oxides of nitrogen and fine particles. The health cost falls hardest on pedestrians, traffic police and people living beside busy roads.
Pollution is controlled through the pollution test and the certificate that follows it. Driving without a valid pollution pass sticker is a fine on the driver.